Article 2

Scope

1. This Regulation applies to the following space services providers:

(a) space operators;

(b) collision avoidance space services providers;

(c) primary providers of space-based data;

(d) international organisations.

2. The provisions of Title IV, Chapters I and V, do not apply to orbits further than the geostationary Earth orbit (GEO).

3. This Regulation does not apply to:

(a) space objects exclusively used for defence or national security purposes, irrespective of which space services provider carries out the space activities;

(b) space objects that have been temporarily placed for defence purposes under a military operation and control, for the duration of the respective space mission;

(c) the authorisation or management of radio spectrum governed by Decision 676/2002/EU, Directive (EU) 2018/1972 and Decision no 243/2012/EU;

(d) assets launched before 1 January 2030.

4. The requirements laid down in Title IV, Chapter I, regarding the design and manufacture of space objects shall apply to space objects where their operation generates space-based data that are used in the Union or enables the provision of space services in the Union.

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